In fact, they are not both fox spirits with nine tails. How much support is there for their separate origins? What is the relationship between these two mythical creatures? Inari scholar Karen Smyers notes that the idea of the fox as seductress and the connection of the fox myths to Buddhism were introduced into Japanese folklore through similar Chinese stories, but she maintains that some fox stories contain elements unique to Japan. He states that, according to a 16th-century book of records called the Nihon Ryakki, foxes and human beings lived close together in ancient Japan, and he contends that indigenous legends about the creatures arose as a result. the only things imported from China or Korea were the kitsune's negative attributes. Japanese folklorist Kiyoshi Nozaki argues that the Japanese regarded kitsune positively as early as the 4th century A.D. In particular, kitsune are strongly related to the kami Inari, whereas huli jing are not strongly associated with any god in particular. However, according to some scholars, the kitsune may have been native to Japan, only acquiring its negative qualities from Chinese folklore later. It seems that they either have a common origin or are greatly influenced by each other. Perhaps the most well-known huli jing is the historical Daji, consort of King Zhou and blamed for the fall of the Shang dynasty.One famous kitsune appears in the true story of Hideyoshi writing a letter threatening to kill all foxes in Japan unless the kitsune ceases to possess one of his servants.Both the kitsune and huli jing are "fox spirits" with 9 tails, tricksters that can shapeshift into, or possess, young women.
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